2070 lines
78 KiB
HTML
2070 lines
78 KiB
HTML
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<title>nano</title>
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<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
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<link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
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</head>
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<body lang="en">
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<h1 class="settitle" align="center">nano</h1>
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<a name="Top"></a>
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<a name="SEC_Top"></a>
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<p>This manual documents the GNU <code>nano</code> editor, version 3.2.
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</p>
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<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="1">Introduction</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Invoking" accesskey="2">Invoking</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Command_002dline-Options" accesskey="3">Command-line Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Editor-Basics" accesskey="4">Editor Basics</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Built_002din-Help" accesskey="5">Built-in Help</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Feature-Toggles" accesskey="6">Feature Toggles</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Nanorc-Files" accesskey="7">Nanorc Files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#The-File-Browser" accesskey="8">The File Browser</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Pico-Compatibility" accesskey="9">Pico Compatibility</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Building-and-Configure-Options">Building and Configure Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<hr>
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<a name="Introduction"></a>
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<a name="Introduction-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
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<p>GNU <code>nano</code> is a small and friendly text editor. Besides basic text
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editing, <code>nano</code> offers many extra features, such as an interactive
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search-and-replace, undo/redo, syntax coloring, smooth scrolling,
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auto-indentation, go-to-line-and-column-number, feature toggles,
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file locking, backup files, and internationalization support.
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</p>
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<p>The original goal for <code>nano</code> was to be a complete bug-for-bug
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emulation of Pico. But currently the goal is to be as compatible
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as possible while offering a superset of Pico’s functionality.
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See <a href="#Pico-Compatibility">Pico Compatibility</a> for more details on how <code>nano</code> and
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Pico differ.
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</p>
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<p>Please report bugs via <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=nano">https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=nano</a>.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Invoking"></a>
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<a name="Invoking-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">2 Invoking</h2>
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<p>The usual way to invoke <code>nano</code> is:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"><code>nano [FILE]</code>
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</pre></div>
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<p>But it is also possible to specify one or more options (see the next
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section), and to edit several files in a row. Additionally, the cursor
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can be put on a specific line of a file by adding the line number
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with a plus sign before the filename, and even in a specific column by
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adding it with a comma. So a more complete command synopsis is:
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</p>
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<div class="example">
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<pre class="example"><code>nano [OPTION]… [[+LINE[,COLUMN]|+,COLUMN] FILE]…</code>
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</pre></div>
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<p>Normally, however, you set your preferred options in a <samp>nanorc</samp>
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file (see <a href="#Nanorc-Files">Nanorc Files</a>). And when using <code>set positionlog</code>
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(making <code>nano</code> remember the cursor position when you close a file),
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you will rarely need to specify a line number.
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</p>
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<p>As a special case: when instead of a filename a dash is given, <code>nano</code>
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will read data from standard input. This means you can pipe the output of
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a command straight into a buffer, and then edit it.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Command_002dline-Options"></a>
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<a name="Command_002dline-Options-1"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">3 Command-line Options</h2>
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<p><code>nano</code> takes the following options from the command line:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><samp>-A</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--smarthome</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Make the Home key smarter. When Home is pressed anywhere but at the
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very beginning of non-whitespace characters on a line, the cursor will
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jump to that beginning (either forwards or backwards). If the cursor is
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already at that position, it will jump to the true beginning of the
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line.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-B</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--backup</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>When saving a file, back up the previous version of it, using the current
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filename suffixed with a tilde (<code>~</code>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-C <var>directory</var></samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--backupdir=<var>directory</var></samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Make and keep not just one backup file, but make and keep a uniquely
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numbered one every time a file is saved — when backups are enabled.
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The uniquely numbered files are stored in the specified directory.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-D</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--boldtext</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Use bold text instead of reverse video text.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-E</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--tabstospaces</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Convert typed tabs to spaces.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-F</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--multibuffer</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Read a file into a new buffer by default.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-G</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--locking</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Enable vim-style file locking when editing files.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-H</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--historylog</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Save the last hundred search strings and replacement strings and
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executed commands, so they can be easily reused in later sessions.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-I</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--ignorercfiles</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Don’t look at the system’s nanorc file nor at the user’s nanorc.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-K</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--rebindkeypad</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Interpret the numeric keypad keys so that they all work properly. You
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should only need to use this option if they don’t, as mouse support
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won’t work properly with this option enabled.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-L</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--nonewlines</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Don’t automatically add a newline when a file does not end with one.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-M</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--trimblanks</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Snip trailing whitespace from the wrapped line when automatic
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hard-wrapping occurs or when text is justified.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-N</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--noconvert</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Disable automatic conversion of files from DOS/Mac format.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-O</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--morespace</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Use the blank line below the title bar as extra editing space.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-P</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--positionlog</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>For the 200 most recent files, log the last position of the cursor,
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and place it at that position again upon reopening such a file.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-Q "<var>regex</var>"</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--quotestr="<var>regex</var>"</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Set the regular expression for matching the quoting part of a line, used
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when justifying. The default value is <tt>"^([ <!-- /@w -->\t]*([#:>|}]|//))+"</tt>.
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Note that <code>\t</code> stands for a literal Tab character.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-R</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--restricted</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Restricted mode: don’t read or write to any file not specified on the
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command line. This means: don’t read or write history files; don’t allow
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suspending; don’t allow spell checking; don’t
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allow a file to be appended to, prepended to, or saved under a different
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name if it already has one; and don’t make backup files.
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Restricted mode can also be activated by invoking <code>nano</code> with
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any name beginning with <code>r</code> (e.g. <code>rnano</code>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-S</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--smooth</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Enable smooth scrolling. Text will scroll line-by-line, instead of the
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usual chunk-by-chunk behavior.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-T <var>number</var></samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--tabsize=<var>number</var></samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Set the displayed tab length to <var>number</var> columns. The value of
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<var>number</var> must be greater than 0. The default value is <tt>8</tt>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-U</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--quickblank</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Do quick status-bar blanking: status-bar messages will disappear after 1
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keystroke instead of 25. Note that option <samp>-c</samp>
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(<samp>--constantshow</samp>) overrides this.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-V</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--version</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Show the current version number and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-W</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--wordbounds</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Detect word boundaries differently by treating punctuation
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characters as parts of words.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-X "<var>characters</var>"</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--wordchars="<var>characters</var>"</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Specify which other characters (besides the normal alphanumeric ones)
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should be considered as parts of words. This overrides option
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<samp>-W</samp> (<samp>--wordbounds</samp>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-Y <var>name</var></samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--syntax=<var>name</var></samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Specify the syntax to be used for highlighting.
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See <a href="#Syntax-Highlighting">Syntax Highlighting</a> for more info.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-Z</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--zap</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Let an unmodified <tt class="key">Backspace</tt> or <tt class="key">Delete</tt> erase the marked region
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(instead of a single character, and without affecting the cutbuffer).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-a</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--atblanks</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>When doing soft line wrapping, wrap lines at whitespace
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instead of always at the edge of the screen.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-c</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--constantshow</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Constantly display the cursor position (line number, column number,
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and character number) on the status bar.
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Note that this overrides option <samp>-U</samp> (<samp>--quickblank</samp>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-d</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--rebinddelete</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Interpret the Delete key differently so that both Backspace and Delete
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work properly. You should only need to use this option if Backspace
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acts like Delete on your system.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-g</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--showcursor</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Make the cursor visible in the file browser (putting it on the
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highlighted item) and in the help viewer. Useful for braille users
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and people with poor vision.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-h</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--help</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Show a summary of command-line options and exit.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-i</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--autoindent</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Automatically indent a newly created line to the same number of tabs
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and/or spaces as the previous line (or as the next line if the previous
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line is the beginning of a paragraph).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-k</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--cutfromcursor</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Make the ’Cut Text’ command (normally <kbd>^K</kbd>) cut from the current cursor
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position to the end of the line, instead of cutting the entire line.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-l</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--linenumbers</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Display line numbers to the left of the text area.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-m</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--mouse</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Enable mouse support, if available for your system. When enabled, mouse
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clicks can be used to place the cursor, set the mark (with a double
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click), and execute shortcuts. The mouse will work in the X Window
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System, and on the console when gpm is running. Text can still be
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selected through dragging by holding down the Shift key.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><samp>-n</samp></dt>
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<dt><samp>--noread</samp></dt>
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<dd><p>Treat any name given on the command line as a new file. This allows
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<code>nano</code> to write to named pipes: it will start with a blank buffer,
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and will write to the pipe when the user saves the "file". This way
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<code>nano</code> can be used as an editor in combination with for instance
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<code>gpg</code> without having to write sensitive data to disk first.
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</p>
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</dd>
|
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<dt><samp>-o <var>directory</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--operatingdir=<var>directory</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the operating directory. This makes <code>nano</code> set up something
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similar to a chroot.
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|
</p>
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</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-p</samp></dt>
|
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<dt><samp>--preserve</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Preserve the <kbd>^Q</kbd> (XON) and <kbd>^S</kbd> (XOFF) sequences so data being
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sent to the editor can be stopped and started.
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</p>
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</dd>
|
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<dt><samp>-q</samp></dt>
|
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<dt><samp>--quiet</samp></dt>
|
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<dd><p>Obsolete option. Recognized but ignored.
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</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-r <var>number</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--fill=<var>number</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Hard-wrap lines at column <var>number</var> (by inserting a newline character).
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If the given value is 0 or less, wrapping will occur at the width of
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the screen minus the given amount, allowing the wrapping width to
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vary along with the width of the screen if and when it is resized.
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The default value is <tt>-8</tt>. This option conflicts with <samp>-w</samp>
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(<samp>--nowrap</samp>); the last one given takes effect.
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</p>
|
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<a name="g_t_002d_002dspeller"></a></dd>
|
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<dt><samp>-s <var>program</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--speller=<var>program</var></samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the given program to do spell checking and correcting. By default,
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<code>nano</code> uses the command specified in the <code>SPELL</code> environment
|
|
variable. If <code>SPELL</code> is not set, and <samp>--speller</samp> is
|
|
not specified either, then <code>nano</code> uses its own interactive spell
|
|
corrector, which requires the GNU <code>spell</code> program to be installed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-t</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--tempfile</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t ask whether to save a modified buffer when exiting with <kbd>^X</kbd>, but
|
|
assume yes. This option is useful when <code>nano</code> is used as the
|
|
composer of a mailer program.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-u</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--unix</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Save a file by default in Unix format. This overrides nano’s
|
|
default behavior of saving a file in the format that it had.
|
|
(This option has no effect when you also use <samp>--noconvert</samp>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-v</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--view</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t allow the contents of the file to be altered: read-only mode.
|
|
This mode allows the user to open also other files for viewing,
|
|
unless <samp>--restricted</samp> is given too.
|
|
(Note that this option should NOT be used in place of correct
|
|
file permissions to implement a read-only file.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-w</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--nowrap</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t hard-wrap long lines at any length. This option conflicts with
|
|
<samp>-r</samp> (<samp>--fill</samp>); the last one given takes effect.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Expert-Mode"></a></dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-x</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--nohelp</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Expert Mode: don’t show the Shortcut List at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
This affects the location of the status bar as well, as in Expert Mode it
|
|
is located at the very bottom of the editor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Note: When accessing the help system, Expert Mode is temporarily
|
|
disabled to display the help-system navigation keys.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-y</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--afterends</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Make Ctrl+Right stop at word ends instead of beginnings.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-z</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--suspend</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable the ability to suspend <code>nano</code> using the system’s suspend
|
|
keystroke (usually <kbd>^Z</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-$</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>--softwrap</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable ’soft wrapping’. This will make <code>nano</code> attempt to display the
|
|
entire contents of any line, even if it is longer than the screen width, by
|
|
continuing it over multiple screen lines. Since
|
|
<code>$</code> normally refers to a variable in the Unix shell, you should specify
|
|
this option last when using other options (e.g. <code>nano -wS$</code>) or pass it
|
|
separately (e.g. <code>nano -wS -$</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>-b</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>-e</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>-f</samp></dt>
|
|
<dt><samp>-j</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Ignored, for compatibility with Pico.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Editor-Basics"></a>
|
|
<a name="Editor-Basics-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">4 Editor Basics</h2>
|
|
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Entering-Text" accesskey="1">Entering Text</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Commands" accesskey="2">Commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#The-Cutbuffer" accesskey="3">The Cutbuffer</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#The-Mark" accesskey="4">The Mark</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Screen-Layout" accesskey="5">Screen Layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Search-and-Replace" accesskey="6">Search and Replace</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Using-the-Mouse" accesskey="7">Using the Mouse</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Limitations" accesskey="8">Limitations</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Entering-Text"></a>
|
|
<a name="Entering-Text-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.1 Entering Text</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>nano</code> is a "modeless" editor. This means that all keystrokes,
|
|
with the exception of Control and Meta sequences, enter text into the
|
|
file being edited.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Characters not present on the keyboard can be entered in two ways:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li> For characters with a single-byte code,
|
|
pressing the Esc key twice and then typing a three-digit decimal number
|
|
(from <kbd>000</kbd> to <kbd>255</kbd>) will make <code>nano</code> behave as if you
|
|
typed the key with that value.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> For any possible character, pressing <kbd>M-V</kbd> (Alt+V) and then typing a
|
|
six-digit hexadecimal number (starting with <kbd>0</kbd> or <kbd>1</kbd>) will enter the
|
|
corresponding Unicode character into the buffer.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>For example, typing <kbd>Esc Esc 2 3 4</kbd> will enter the character "ê" —
|
|
useful when writing about a French party. Typing <kbd>M-V 0 0 2 2 c 4</kbd>
|
|
will enter the symbol "⋄", a little diamond.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Commands"></a>
|
|
<a name="Commands-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.2 Commands</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Commands are given by using the Control key (Ctrl, shown as <kbd>^</kbd>)
|
|
or the Meta key (Alt or Cmd, shown as <kbd>M-</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li> A control-key sequence is entered by holding down the Ctrl key and
|
|
pressing the desired key.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> A meta-key sequence is entered by holding down the Meta key (normally
|
|
the Alt key) and pressing the desired key.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>If for some reason on your system the combinations with Ctrl or Alt do
|
|
not work, you can generate them by using the Esc key. A control-key
|
|
sequence is generated by pressing the Esc key twice and then pressing
|
|
the desired key, and a meta-key sequence by pressing the Esc key once
|
|
and then pressing the desired key.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="The-Cutbuffer"></a>
|
|
<a name="The-Cutbuffer-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.3 The Cutbuffer</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Text can be cut from a file, a whole line at a time, by using the ’Cut Text’
|
|
command (default key binding: <kbd>^K</kbd>). The cut line is stored in
|
|
the cutbuffer. Consecutive strokes of <kbd>^K</kbd> will add each cut line
|
|
to this buffer, but a <kbd>^K</kbd>
|
|
after any other keystroke will overwrite the entire cutbuffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The contents of the cutbuffer can be pasted back into the file with the
|
|
’Uncut Text’ command (default key binding: <kbd>^U</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A line of text can be copied into the cutbuffer (without cutting it) with
|
|
the ’Copy Text’ command (default key binding: <kbd>M-6</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="The-Mark"></a>
|
|
<a name="The-Mark-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.4 The Mark</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Text can be selected by first ’setting the Mark’ (default key bindings:
|
|
<kbd>^6</kbd> and <kbd>M-A</kbd>) and then moving the cursor to the other end of the portion
|
|
to be selected. The selected portion of text will be highlighted.
|
|
This selection can now be cut or copied in its entirety with a single
|
|
<kbd>^K</kbd> or <kbd>M-6</kbd>. Or the selection can be used to limit the scope of
|
|
a search-and-replace (<kbd>^\</kbd>) or spell-checking session (<kbd>^T</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>On some terminals, text can be selected also by holding down <kbd>Shift</kbd>
|
|
while using the cursor keys. Holding down the <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> or <kbd>Alt</kbd>
|
|
key too will increase the stride. Such a selection is cancelled
|
|
upon any cursor movement where <kbd>Shift</kbd> isn’t held.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Cutting or copying selected text will toggle the mark off automatically.
|
|
If necessary, it can be toggled off manually with another <kbd>^6</kbd> or <kbd>M-A</kbd>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Screen-Layout"></a>
|
|
<a name="Screen-Layout-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.5 Screen Layout</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The default screen of nano consists of five areas. From top to bottom
|
|
these are: the title bar, a blank line, the edit window, the status bar,
|
|
and two help lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The title bar consists of
|
|
three sections: left, center and right. The section on the left
|
|
displays the version of <code>nano</code> being used. The center section
|
|
displays the current filename, or "New Buffer" if the file has not yet
|
|
been named. The section on the right displays "Modified" if the
|
|
file has been modified since it was last saved or opened.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The status bar is the third line from the bottom of the screen. It
|
|
shows important and informational messages. Any error messages that
|
|
occur from using the editor will appear on the status bar. Any questions
|
|
that are asked of the user will be asked on the status bar, and any user
|
|
input (search strings, filenames, etc.) will be input on the status bar.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The two help lines at the bottom of the screen show some of the most
|
|
essential functions of the editor. These two lines are called the
|
|
Shortcut List.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Search-and-Replace"></a>
|
|
<a name="Search-and-Replace-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.6 Search and Replace</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>One can search the current buffer for the occurrence of any string
|
|
with the Search command (default key binding: <kbd>^W</kbd>). The default search
|
|
mode is forward, case-insensitive, and for literal strings. But one
|
|
can search backwards by pressing <kbd>M-B</kbd>, search case sensitively with <kbd>M-C</kbd>,
|
|
and interpret regular expressions in the search string with <kbd>M-R</kbd>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A regular expression in a search string always covers just one line;
|
|
it cannot span multiple lines. And when replacing (with <kbd>^\</kbd> or <kbd>M-R</kbd>)
|
|
the replacement string cannot contain a newline (LF).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Using-the-Mouse"></a>
|
|
<a name="Using-the-Mouse-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.7 Using the Mouse</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>When mouse support has been configured and enabled, a single mouse click
|
|
places the cursor at the indicated position. Clicking a second time in
|
|
the same position toggles the mark. Clicking in the shortcut list
|
|
executes the selected shortcut. To be able to select text with the
|
|
left button, or paste text with the middle button, hold down the
|
|
Shift key during those actions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The mouse will work in the X Window System, and on the console when gpm
|
|
is running.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Limitations"></a>
|
|
<a name="Limitations-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">4.8 Limitations</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Justifications (<kbd>^J</kbd>)
|
|
are not yet covered by the general undo system. So after a justification
|
|
that is not immediately undone, earlier edits
|
|
cannot be undone any more. The workaround is, of course, to exit without
|
|
saving.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The recording and playback of keyboard macros works correctly only on a
|
|
terminal emulator, not on a Linux console (VT), because the latter does
|
|
not by default distinguish modified from unmodified arrow keys.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Built_002din-Help"></a>
|
|
<a name="Built_002din-Help-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">5 Built-in Help</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The built-in help system in <code>nano</code> is available by pressing <kbd>^G</kbd>.
|
|
It is fairly self-explanatory. It documents the various parts of the
|
|
editor and the available keystrokes. Navigation is via the <kbd>^Y</kbd> (Page Up)
|
|
and <kbd>^V</kbd> (Page Down) keys. <kbd>^X</kbd> exits from the help system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Feature-Toggles"></a>
|
|
<a name="Feature-Toggles-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">6 Feature Toggles</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Toggles allow you to change on-the-fly certain aspects of the editor
|
|
which would normally be specified via command-line options. They are
|
|
invoked via Meta-key sequences (see <a href="#Commands">Commands</a> for more info).
|
|
The following global toggles are available:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>Constant Cursor Position Display</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-C</kbd> toggles the <samp>-c</samp> (<samp>--constantshow</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Smart Home Key</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-H</kbd> toggles the <samp>-A</samp> (<samp>--smarthome</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Auto Indent</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-I</kbd> toggles the <samp>-i</samp> (<samp>--autoindent</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Cut From Cursor To End-of-Line</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-K</kbd> toggles the <samp>-k</samp> (<samp>--cutfromcursor</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Long-Line Wrapping</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-L</kbd> toggles the <samp>-w</samp> (<samp>--nowrap</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Mouse Support</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-M</kbd> toggles the <samp>-m</samp> (<samp>--mouse</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Tabs To Spaces</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-O</kbd> toggles the <samp>-E</samp> (<samp>--tabstospaces</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Whitespace Display</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-P</kbd> toggles the displaying of whitespace (see <a href="#Whitespace">Whitespace</a>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Smooth Scrolling</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-S</kbd> toggles the <samp>-S</samp> (<samp>--smooth</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Expert/No Help</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-X</kbd> toggles the <samp>-x</samp> (<samp>--nohelp</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Color Syntax Highlighting</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-Y</kbd> toggles color syntax highlighting (if your nanorc defines syntaxes
|
|
— see <a href="#Syntax-Highlighting">Syntax Highlighting</a>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Suspension</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-Z</kbd> toggles the <samp>-z</samp> (<samp>--suspend</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Line Numbers</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-#</kbd> toggles the <samp>-l</samp> (<samp>--linenumbers</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Soft Wrapping</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><kbd>Meta-$</kbd> toggles the <samp>-$</samp> (<samp>--softwrap</samp>) command-line option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Nanorc-Files"></a>
|
|
<a name="Nanorc-Files-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">7 Nanorc Files</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The nanorc files contain the default settings for <code>nano</code>. They
|
|
should be in Unix format, not in DOS or Mac format. During startup,
|
|
<code>nano</code> will first read the system-wide settings, from /etc/nanorc
|
|
(the exact path might be different), and then the user-specific settings,
|
|
either from <samp>~/.nanorc</samp> or from <samp>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nano/nanorc</samp>
|
|
or from <samp>.config/nano/nanorc</samp>, whichever exists first.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A nanorc file accepts a series of "set" and "unset" commands, which can
|
|
be used to configure <code>nano</code> on startup without using command-line
|
|
options. Additionally, there are some commands to define syntax highlighting
|
|
and to rebind keys — see <a href="#Syntax-Highlighting">Syntax Highlighting</a> and <a href="#Rebinding-Keys">Rebinding Keys</a>.
|
|
<code>nano</code> will read one command per line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Options in nanorc files take precedence over <code>nano</code>’s defaults, and
|
|
command-line options override nanorc settings. Also, options that do not
|
|
take an argument are unset by default. So using the <code>unset</code> command
|
|
is only needed when wanting to override a setting of the system’s nanorc
|
|
file in your own nanorc. Options that take an argument cannot be unset.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Quotes inside string parameters don’t have to be escaped with
|
|
backslashes. The last double quote in the string will be treated as its
|
|
end. For example, for the <code>brackets</code> option, <tt>""')>]}"</tt> will match
|
|
<code>"</code>, <code>'</code>, <code>)</code>, <code>></code>, <code>]</code>, and <code>}</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Settings" accesskey="1">Settings</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Syntax-Highlighting" accesskey="2">Syntax Highlighting</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Rebinding-Keys" accesskey="3">Rebinding Keys</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Settings"></a>
|
|
<a name="Settings-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">7.1 Settings</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The supported settings in a nanorc file are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>set afterends</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Make Ctrl+Right stop at word ends instead of beginnings.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set allow_insecure_backup</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When backing up files, allow the backup to succeed even if its
|
|
permissions can’t be (re)set due to special OS considerations.
|
|
You should NOT enable this option unless you are sure you need it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set atblanks</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When soft line wrapping is enabled, make it wrap lines at blank characters
|
|
(tabs and spaces) instead of always at the edge of the screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set autoindent</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Automatically indent a newly created line to the same number of tabs
|
|
and/or spaces as the previous line (or as the next line if the previous
|
|
line is the beginning of a paragraph).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set backup</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When saving a file, back up the previous version of it, using the current
|
|
filename suffixed with a tilde (<code>~</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set backupdir "<var>directory</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Make and keep not just one backup file, but make and keep a uniquely
|
|
numbered one every time a file is saved — when backups are enabled
|
|
with <code>set backup</code> or <samp>--backup</samp> or <samp>-B</samp>.
|
|
The uniquely numbered files are stored in the specified directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set boldtext</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use bold instead of reverse video for the title bar, status bar, key combos,
|
|
function tags, line numbers, and selected text. This can be overridden by
|
|
setting the options <code>titlecolor</code>, <code>statuscolor</code>, <code>keycolor</code>,
|
|
<code>functioncolor</code>, <code>numbercolor</code>, and <code>selectedcolor</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set brackets "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the characters treated as closing brackets when justifying
|
|
paragraphs. This may not include blank characters. Only closing
|
|
punctuation (see <code>set punct</code>), optionally followed by the specified
|
|
closing brackets, can end sentences. The default value is
|
|
<tt>""')>]}"</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set casesensitive</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Do case-sensitive searches by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set constantshow</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Constantly display the cursor position on the status bar.
|
|
Note that this overrides <samp>quickblank</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set cutfromcursor</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use cut-from-cursor-to-end-of-line by default, instead of cutting the whole line.
|
|
(The old form of this option, <code>set cut</code>, is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set errorcolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for the status bar when an error message is displayed.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set fill <var>number</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Hard-wrap lines at column number <var>number</var>. If <var>number</var> is 0 or less,
|
|
the maximum line length will be the screen width less <var>number</var> columns.
|
|
The default value is <tt>-8</tt>. This option conflicts with
|
|
<samp>nowrap</samp>; the last one given takes effect.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="set-functioncolor"></a></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set functioncolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for the concise function descriptions
|
|
in the two help lines at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
Valid names for foreground and background color are:
|
|
<code>white</code>, <code>black</code>, <code>blue</code>, <code>green</code>,
|
|
<code>red</code>, <code>cyan</code>, <code>yellow</code>, <code>magenta</code>, and <code>normal</code>
|
|
— where <code>normal</code> means the default foreground or background color.
|
|
The name of the foreground color may be prefixed with <code>bright</code>.
|
|
And either <var>fgcolor</var> or ,<var>bgcolor</var> may be left out.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set historylog</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Save the last hundred search strings and replacement strings and
|
|
executed commands, so they can be easily reused in later sessions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set keycolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for the shortcut key combos
|
|
in the two help lines at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set linenumbers</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Display line numbers to the left of the text area.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set locking</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable vim-style lock-files for when editing files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set matchbrackets "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the opening and closing brackets that can be found by bracket
|
|
searches. This may not include blank characters. The opening set must
|
|
come before the closing set, and the two sets must be in the same order.
|
|
The default value is <tt>"(<[{)>]}"</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set morespace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the blank line below the title bar as extra editing space.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set mouse</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable mouse support, so that mouse clicks can be used to place the
|
|
cursor, set the mark (with a double click), or execute shortcuts.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set multibuffer</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When reading in a file with <kbd>^R</kbd>, insert it into a new buffer by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set noconvert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t convert files from DOS/Mac format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set nohelp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t display the help lists at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set nonewlines</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When a file does not end with a newline, don’t automatically add one.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set nopauses</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t pause between warnings at startup. This means that only
|
|
the last one will be visible (when there are multiple ones).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set nowrap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Don’t hard-wrap text at all. This option conflicts with
|
|
<samp>fill</samp>; the last one given takes effect.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set numbercolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for line numbers.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set operatingdir "<var>directory</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p><code>nano</code> will only read and write files inside "directory" and its
|
|
subdirectories. Also, the current directory is changed to here, so
|
|
files are inserted from this directory. By default, the operating
|
|
directory feature is turned off.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set positionlog</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Save the cursor position of files between editing sessions.
|
|
The cursor position is remembered for the 200 most-recently edited files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set preserve</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Preserve the XON and XOFF keys (<kbd>^Q</kbd> and <kbd>^S</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set punct "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the characters treated as closing punctuation when justifying
|
|
paragraphs. This may not include blank characters. Only the
|
|
specified closing punctuation, optionally followed by closing brackets
|
|
(see <code>set brackets</code>), can end sentences.
|
|
The default value is <tt>"!.?"</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set quickblank</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Do quick status-bar blanking: status-bar messages will disappear after 1
|
|
keystroke instead of 25. Note that <samp>constantshow</samp> overrides this.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set quiet</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Obsolete option. Recognized but ignored.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set quotestr "<var>regex</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The email-quote string, used to justify email-quoted paragraphs. This
|
|
is an extended regular expression. The default value is
|
|
<tt>"^([ <!-- /@w -->\t]*([#:>|}]|//))+"</tt>.
|
|
Note that <code>\t</code> stands for a literal Tab character.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set rebinddelete</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Interpret the Delete key differently so that both Backspace and Delete
|
|
work properly. You should only need to use this option if Backspace
|
|
acts like Delete on your system.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set rebindkeypad</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Interpret the numeric keypad keys so that they all work properly. You
|
|
should only need to use this option if they don’t, as mouse support
|
|
won’t work properly with this option enabled.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set regexp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Do extended regular expression searches by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set selectedcolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for selected text.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set showcursor</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Put the cursor on the highlighted item in the file browser, and show
|
|
the cursor in the help viewer, to aid braille users and people with
|
|
poor vision.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set smarthome</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Make the Home key smarter. When Home is pressed anywhere but at the
|
|
very beginning of non-whitespace characters on a line, the cursor will
|
|
jump to that beginning (either forwards or backwards). If the cursor is
|
|
already at that position, it will jump to the true beginning of the
|
|
line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set smooth</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use smooth scrolling by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set softwrap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable soft line wrapping for easier viewing of very long lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set speller "<var>program</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the given program to do spell checking and correcting.
|
|
See <a href="#g_t_002d_002dspeller"><samp>--speller</samp></a> for details.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set statuscolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for the status bar.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set suspend</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Allow <code>nano</code> to be suspended.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set tabsize <var>number</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use a tab size of <var>number</var> columns. The value of <var>number</var> must be
|
|
greater than 0. The default value is <tt>8</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set tabstospaces</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Convert typed tabs to spaces.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set tempfile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Save automatically on exit, don’t prompt.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set titlecolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use this color combination for the title bar.
|
|
See <a href="#set-functioncolor"><code>set functioncolor</code></a> for valid color names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set trimblanks</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Remove trailing whitespace from wrapped lines when automatic
|
|
hard-wrapping occurs or when text is justified.
|
|
(The old form of this option, <code>set justifytrim</code>, is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set unix</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Save a file by default in Unix format. This overrides nano’s
|
|
default behavior of saving a file in the format that it had.
|
|
(This option has no effect when you also use <code>set noconvert</code>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set view</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disallow file modification: read-only mode.
|
|
This mode allows the user to open also other files for viewing,
|
|
unless <samp>--restricted</samp> is given on the command line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Whitespace"></a></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set whitespace "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the two characters used to indicate the presence of tabs and
|
|
spaces. They must be single-column characters. The default pair
|
|
for a UTF-8 locale is <tt>"»·"</tt>, and for other locales <tt>">."</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set wordbounds</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Detect word boundaries differently by treating punctuation
|
|
characters as part of a word.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set wordchars "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Specify which other characters (besides the normal alphanumeric ones)
|
|
should be considered as parts of words. This overrides the option
|
|
<code>wordbounds</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>set zap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Let an unmodified <tt class="key">Backspace</tt> or <tt class="key">Delete</tt> erase the marked region
|
|
(instead of a single character, and without affecting the cutbuffer).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Syntax-Highlighting"></a>
|
|
<a name="Syntax-Highlighting-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">7.2 Syntax Highlighting</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Coloring the different syntactic elements of a file
|
|
is done via regular expressions (see the <code>color</code> command below).
|
|
This is inherently imperfect, because regular expressions are not
|
|
powerful enough to fully parse a file. Nevertheless, regular
|
|
expressions can do a lot and are easy to make, so they are a
|
|
good fit for a small editor like <code>nano</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>A separate syntax can be defined for each kind of file
|
|
via the following commands in a nanorc file:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>syntax <var>name</var> ["<var>fileregex</var>" …]</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Start the definition of a syntax with this <var>name</var>.
|
|
All subsequent <code>color</code> and other such commands
|
|
will be added to this syntax, until a new <code>syntax</code>
|
|
command is encountered.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When <code>nano</code> is run, this syntax will be automatically
|
|
activated if the current filename matches the extended regular
|
|
expression <var>fileregex</var>. Or the syntax can be explicitly
|
|
activated by using the <samp>-Y</samp> or <samp>--syntax</samp>
|
|
command-line option followed by the <var>name</var>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The <code>default</code> syntax is special: it takes no <var>fileregex</var>,
|
|
and applies to files that don’t match any syntax’s <var>fileregex</var>.
|
|
The <code>none</code> syntax is reserved; specifying it on the
|
|
command line is the same as not having a syntax at all.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>header "<var>regex</var>" …</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>If from all defined syntaxes no <var>fileregex</var> matched, then compare
|
|
this <var>regex</var> (or regexes) against the first line of the current file,
|
|
to determine whether this syntax should be used for it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>magic "<var>regex</var>" …</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>If no <var>fileregex</var> matched and no <code>header</code> regex matched
|
|
either, then compare this <var>regex</var> (or regexes) against the
|
|
result of querying the <code>magic</code> database about the current
|
|
file, to determine whether this syntax should be used for it.
|
|
(This functionality only works when <code>libmagic</code> is installed
|
|
on the system and will be silently ignored otherwise.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>linter <var>program</var> [<var>arg</var> …]</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the given <var>program</var> to do a syntax check on the current buffer.
|
|
(This overrides the speller function.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>comment "<var>string</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the given string for commenting and uncommenting lines.
|
|
If the string contains a vertical bar or pipe character (<tt>|</tt>),
|
|
this designates bracket-style comments; for example, <tt>"/*|*/"</tt> for
|
|
CSS files. The characters before the pipe are prepended to the line and the
|
|
characters after the pipe are appended at the end of the line. If no pipe
|
|
character is present, the full string is prepended; for example, <tt>"#"</tt> for
|
|
Python files. If empty double quotes are specified, the comment/uncomment
|
|
functions are disabled; for example, <tt>""</tt> for JSON.
|
|
The default value is <tt>"#"</tt>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>color <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var> "<var>regex</var>" …</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Display all pieces of text that match the
|
|
extended regular expression "regex" with foreground color "fgcolor" and
|
|
background color "bgcolor", at least one of which must be specified.
|
|
Valid names for foreground and background color are:
|
|
<code>white</code>, <code>black</code>, <code>blue</code>, <code>green</code>,
|
|
<code>red</code>, <code>cyan</code>, <code>yellow</code>, <code>magenta</code>, and <code>normal</code>
|
|
— where <code>normal</code> means the default foreground or background color.
|
|
You may use the prefix <code>bright</code>
|
|
to get a stronger color highlight for the foreground. If your
|
|
terminal supports transparency, not specifying a "bgcolor" tells <code>nano</code>
|
|
to attempt to use a transparent background.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>icolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var> "<var>regex</var>" …</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Same as above, except that the matching is case insensitive.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>color <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var> start="<var>fromrx</var>" end="<var>torx</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Display all pieces of text whose start matches extended regular expression
|
|
"fromrx" and whose end matches extended regular expression "torx" with
|
|
foreground color "fgcolor" and background color "bgcolor", at least one of
|
|
which must be specified. This means that, after an initial instance of
|
|
"fromrx", all text until the first instance of "torx" will be colored.
|
|
This allows syntax highlighting to span multiple lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>icolor <var>fgcolor</var>,<var>bgcolor</var> start="<var>fromrx</var>" end="<var>torx</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Same as above, except that the matching is case insensitive.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>include "<var>syntaxfile</var>"</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Read in self-contained color syntaxes from "syntaxfile". Note that
|
|
"syntaxfile" may contain only the above commands, from <code>syntax</code>
|
|
to <code>icolor</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>extendsyntax <var>name</var> <var>command</var> [<var>arg</var> …]</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Extend the syntax previously defined as "<var>name</var>" with another <var>command</var>.
|
|
This allows you to add a new <code>color</code>, <code>icolor</code>, <code>header</code>,
|
|
<code>magic</code>, <code>comment</code>, or <code>linter</code> command to an already
|
|
defined syntax — useful when you want to slightly improve a syntax defined
|
|
in one of the system-installed files (which normally are not writable).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note: the <code>formatter</code> command has been removed. It was superseded by
|
|
a more general mechanism: the filtering of buffer or marked text through
|
|
an external command. Such filtering is done by typing <code>^R^X</code> and then
|
|
preceding your formatter command with the pipe symbol (<code>|</code>). It has
|
|
the added advantage that the operation can be undone.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you use such a formatting command regularly, you could assign the relevant
|
|
series of keystrokes to a single key in your nanorc:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"> bind M-F "^R^X|yourformatcommand^M" main
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>(Note that the <tt class="key">^R</tt>, <tt class="key">^X</tt>, and <tt class="key">^M</tt> are each a single, literal
|
|
control character. You can enter them by preceding each with <tt class="key">M-V</tt>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Rebinding-Keys"></a>
|
|
<a name="Rebinding-Keys-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">7.3 Rebinding Keys</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Key bindings can be changed via the following three commands in a
|
|
nanorc file:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>bind key function menu</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Rebinds <code>key</code> to <code>function</code> in the context of <code>menu</code>
|
|
(or in all menus where the function exists by using <code>all</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>bind key "string" menu</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Makes <code>key</code> produce <code>string</code> in the context of <code>menu</code>
|
|
(or in all menus where the key exists when <code>all</code> is used).
|
|
The <code>string</code> can consist of text or commands or a mix of them.
|
|
(To enter a command into the <code>string</code>, precede its keystroke
|
|
with <kbd>M-V</kbd>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>unbind key menu</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Unbinds <code>key</code> from <code>menu</code>
|
|
(or from all menus where it exists by using <code>all</code>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
<p>The format of <code>key</code> should be one of:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul class="no-bullet">
|
|
<li><!-- /@w --> <code>^</code> followed by a Latin letter, by one of several ASCII characters
|
|
(@, ], \, ^, or _), or by the word "Space".
|
|
Example: <code>^C</code>.
|
|
|
|
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>M-</code> followed by any ASCII character except [, or by the word "Space".
|
|
Example: <code>M-C</code>.
|
|
|
|
</li><li><!-- /@w --> <code>F</code> followed by a numeric value from 1 to 16.
|
|
Example: <code>F10</code>.
|
|
|
|
</li><li><!-- /@w --> the word "Ins" or the word "Del".
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
<p>Valid names for the <code>function</code> to be bound are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>help</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Invokes the help viewer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cancel</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Cancels the current command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>exit</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Exits from the program (or from the help viewer or the file browser).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>writeout</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Writes the current buffer to disk, asking for a name.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>savefile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Writes the current file to disk without prompting.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>insert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Inserts a file into the current buffer (at the current cursor position),
|
|
or into a new buffer when option <code>multibuffer</code> is set.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>whereis</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Starts a forward search for text in the current buffer — or for filenames
|
|
matching a string in the current list in the file browser.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>wherewas</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Starts a backward search for text in the current buffer — or for filenames
|
|
matching a string in the current list in the file browser.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>findprevious</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Searches the next occurrence in the backward direction.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>findnext</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Searches the next occurrence in the forward direction.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>replace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Interactively replaces text within the current buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cut</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Cuts and stores the current line (or the marked region).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>copy</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Copies the current line (or the marked region) without deleting it.
|
|
(The old form ’copytext’ is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>paste</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Pastes the currently stored text into the current buffer at the
|
|
current cursor position.
|
|
(The old form ’uncut’ is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>zap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Throw away the current line (or the marked region).
|
|
(This function is bound by default to <Meta+Delete>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cutwordleft</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Cuts from the cursor position to the beginning of the preceding word.
|
|
(This function is not bound by default. If your terminal produces
|
|
<code>^H</code> for <Ctrl+Backspace>, you can make <Ctrl+Backspace> delete
|
|
the word to the left of the cursor by rebinding ^H to this function.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cutwordright</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Cuts from the cursor position to the beginning of the next word.
|
|
(This function is bound by default to <Ctrl+Delete>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cutrestoffile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Cuts all text from the cursor position till the end of the buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>mark</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Sets the mark at the current position, to start selecting text.
|
|
Or, when it is set, unsets the mark.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>curpos</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Shows the current cursor position: the line, column, and character positions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>wordcount</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Counts the number of words, lines and characters in the current buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>speller</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Invokes a spell-checking program (or linting program,
|
|
if the active syntax defines such a thing).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>justify</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Justifies the current paragraph. A paragraph is a group of contiguous lines
|
|
that, apart from possibly the first line, all have the same indentation. The
|
|
beginning of a paragraph is detected by either this lone line with a differing
|
|
indentation or by a preceding blank line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>fulljustify</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Justifies the entire current buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>indent</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Indents (shifts to the right) the currently marked text.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>unindent</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Unindents (shifts to the left) the currently marked text.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>comment</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Comments or uncomments the current line or marked lines, using the comment
|
|
style specified in the active syntax.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>complete</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Completes the fragment before the cursor to a full word found elsewhere
|
|
in the current buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>left</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes left one position (in the editor or browser).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>right</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes right one position (in the editor or browser).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>up</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes one line up (in the editor or browser).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>down</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes one line down (in the editor or browser).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>scrollup</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Scrolls the viewport up one row (meaning that the text slides down)
|
|
while keeping the cursor in the same text position, if possible.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>scrolldown</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Scrolls the viewport down one row (meaning that the text slides up)
|
|
while keeping the cursor in the same text position, if possible.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>prevword</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nextword</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next word.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>home</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>end</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the end of the current line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>beginpara</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current paragraph.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>endpara</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the end of the current paragraph.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>prevblock</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current or preceding block of text.
|
|
(Blocks are separated by one or more blank lines.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nextblock</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next block of text.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>pageup</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes up one screenful.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>pagedown</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes down one screenful.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>firstline</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to the first line of the file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>lastline</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to the last line of the file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>gotoline</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to a specific line (and column if specified). Negative numbers count
|
|
from the end of the file (and end of the line).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>findbracket</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Moves the cursor to the bracket (brace, parenthesis, etc.) that matches
|
|
(pairs) with the one under the cursor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>prevbuf</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Switches to editing/viewing the previous buffer when multiple buffers are open.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nextbuf</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Switches to editing/viewing the next buffer when multiple buffers are open.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>verbatim</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Inserts the next keystroke verbatim into the file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>tab</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Inserts a tab at the current cursor location.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>enter</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Inserts a new line below the current one.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>delete</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Deletes the character under the cursor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>backspace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Deletes the character before the cursor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>recordmacro</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Starts the recording of keystrokes — the keystrokes are stored
|
|
as a macro. When already recording, the recording is stopped.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>runmacro</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Replays the keystrokes of the last recorded macro.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>undo</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Undoes the last performed text action (add text, delete text, etc).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>redo</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Redoes the last undone action (i.e., it undoes an undo).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>refresh</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Refreshes the screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>suspend</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Suspends the editor (if the suspending function is enabled, see the
|
|
"suspendenable" entry below).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>casesens</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether searching/replacing ignores or respects the case of
|
|
the given characters.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>regexp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether searching/replacing uses literal strings or regular expressions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>backwards</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether searching/replacing goes forward or backward.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>older</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Retrieves the previous (earlier) entry at a prompt.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>newer</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Retrieves the next (later) entry at a prompt.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flipreplace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles between searching for something and replacing something.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flipgoto</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles between searching for text and targeting a line number.
|
|
(The form <code>gototext</code> is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flipexecute</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles between inserting a file and executing a command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flippipe</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When executing a command, toggles whether the current buffer (or marked
|
|
region) is piped to the command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flipnewbuffer</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles between inserting into the current buffer and into a new
|
|
empty buffer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>flipconvert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When reading in a file, toggles between converting and not converting
|
|
it from DOS/Mac format. Converting is the default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>dosformat</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When writing a file, switches to writing a DOS format (CR/LF).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>macformat</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When writing a file, switches to writing a Mac format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>append</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When writing a file, appends to the end instead of overwriting.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>prepend</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When writing a file, ’prepends’ (writes at the beginning) instead of overwriting.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>backup</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When writing a file, creates a backup of the current file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>discardbuffer</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When about to write a file, discard the current buffer without saving.
|
|
(This function is bound by default only when option <samp>--tempfile</samp>
|
|
is in effect.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>browser</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Starts the file browser, allowing to select a file from a list.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>gotodir</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to a directory to be specified, allowing to browse anywhere
|
|
in the filesystem.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>firstfile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to the first file when using the file browser (reading or writing files).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>lastfile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Goes to the last file when using the file browser (reading or writing files).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nohelp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the presence of the two-line list of key bindings at the bottom of the screen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>constantshow</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the constant display of the current line, column, and character positions.
|
|
(The form <code>constupdate</code> is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>smoothscroll</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles smooth scrolling (when moving around with the arrow keys).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>softwrap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the displaying of overlong lines on multiple screen lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>linenumbers</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the display of line numbers in front of the text.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>whitespacedisplay</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the showing of whitespace.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nosyntax</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles syntax highlighting.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>smarthome</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles the smartness of the Home key.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>autoindent</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether a newly created line will contain the same amount of leading
|
|
whitespace as the preceding line — or as the next line if the preceding line
|
|
is the beginning of a paragraph.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>cutfromcursor</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether cutting text will cut the whole line or just from the current cursor
|
|
position to the end of the line.
|
|
(The form <code>cuttoend</code> is deprecated.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>nowrap</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether long lines will be hard-wrapped to the next line.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>tabstospaces</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether typed tabs will be converted to spaces.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>mouse</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles mouse support.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>suspendenable</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Toggles whether the suspend shortcut (normally <kbd>^Z</kbd>) will suspend the editor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
<p>Valid names for <code>menu</code> are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>main</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The main editor window where text is entered and edited.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>search</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The search menu (AKA whereis).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>replace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’search to replace’ menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>replacewith</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’replace with’ menu, which comes up after ’search to replace’.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>yesno</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’yesno’ menu, where the Yes/No/All/Cancel question is asked.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>gotoline</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’goto line (and column)’ menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>writeout</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’write file’ menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>insert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’insert file’ menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>extcmd</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The menu for inserting output from an external command, reached from the insert menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>help</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The help-viewer menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>spell</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The interactive spell checker Yes/no menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>linter</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The linter menu.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>browser</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The file browser, for choosing a file to read from or write to.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>whereisfile</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’search for a file’ menu in the file browser.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>gotodir</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The ’go to directory’ menu in the file browser.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>all</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>A special name that encompasses all menus. For <code>bind</code> it means
|
|
all menus where the specified <code>function</code> exists; for <code>unbind</code>
|
|
it means all menus where the specified <code>key</code> exists.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="The-File-Browser"></a>
|
|
<a name="The-File-Browser-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">8 The File Browser</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>When in the Read-File (<kbd>^R</kbd>) or Write-Out menu (<kbd>^O</kbd>),
|
|
pressing <kbd>^T</kbd> will invoke the file browser.
|
|
Here, one can navigate directories in a graphical manner in order to
|
|
find the desired file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Basic movement in the file browser is accomplished with the arrow and
|
|
other cursor-movement keys. More targeted movement is accomplished by
|
|
searching, via <kbd>^W</kbd> or <kbd>w</kbd>, or by changing directory, via
|
|
<kbd>^_</kbd> or <kbd>g</kbd>. The behavior of the <kbd>Enter</kbd> key (or <kbd>s</kbd>)
|
|
varies by what is currently selected.
|
|
If the currently selected object is a directory, the file browser will
|
|
enter and display the contents of the directory. If the object is a
|
|
file, this filename and path are copied to the status bar, and the file
|
|
browser exits.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Pico-Compatibility"></a>
|
|
<a name="Pico-Compatibility-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">9 Pico Compatibility</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>nano</code> attempts to emulate Pico as closely as possible, but there
|
|
are some differences between the editors:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>Interactive Replace</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Instead of allowing you to replace either just one occurrence of a search
|
|
string or all of them, <code>nano</code>’s replace function is interactive: it
|
|
will pause at each found search string and query whether to replace this
|
|
instance. You can then choose Yes, or No (skip this one), or All (don’t
|
|
ask any more), or Cancel (stop with replacing).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Search and Replace History</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When the option <samp>-H</samp> or <samp>--historylog</samp> is given (or set in
|
|
the a nanorc file), text entered as search or replace strings is stored.
|
|
These strings can be accessed with the up/down arrow keys, or you can
|
|
type the first few characters and then use <kbd>Tab</kbd> to cycle through the
|
|
matching strings. A retrieved string can subsequently be edited.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Position History</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When the option <samp>-P</samp> or <samp>--positionlog</samp> is given (or set in
|
|
a nanorc file), <code>nano</code> will store the position of the cursor
|
|
when you close a file, and will place the cursor in that position
|
|
again when you later reopen the file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Current Cursor Position</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The output of the "Display Cursor Position" command (<kbd>^C</kbd>) displays
|
|
not only the current line and character position of the cursor,
|
|
but also (between the two) the current column position.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Hard-Wrapping</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>By default, <code>nano</code> hard-wraps lines at screen width minus eight
|
|
columns, whereas Pico does it at screen width minus six columns. You can
|
|
make <code>nano</code> do the same as Pico by using <samp>--fill=-6</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Spell Checking</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>In the internal spell checker misspelled words are sorted alphabetically
|
|
and trimmed for uniqueness, such that the words ’apple’ and ’Apple’ will
|
|
be prompted for correction separately.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Writing Selected Text to Files</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When using the Write-Out key (<kbd>^O</kbd>), text that has been selected using the
|
|
marking key (<kbd>^^</kbd>) can not just be written out to a new (or existing) file,
|
|
it can also be appended or prepended to an existing file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Reading Text from a Command</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>When using the Read-File key (<kbd>^R</kbd>), <code>nano</code> can not just read a file,
|
|
it can also read the output of a command to be run (<kbd>^X</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Reading from Working Directory</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>By default, Pico will read files from the user’s home directory (when
|
|
using <kbd>^R</kbd>), but it will write files to the current working directory
|
|
(when using <kbd>^O</kbd>). <code>nano</code> makes this symmetrical: always reading
|
|
from and writing to the current working directory — the directory
|
|
that <code>nano</code> was started in.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>File Browser</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>In the file browser, <code>nano</code> does not implement the Add, Copy,
|
|
Rename, and Delete commands that Pico provides. In <code>nano</code> the
|
|
browser is just a file browser, not a file manager.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>Toggles</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Many options which alter the functionality of the program can be
|
|
"toggled" on or off using Meta key sequences, meaning the program does
|
|
not have to be restarted to turn a particular feature on or off.
|
|
See <a href="#Feature-Toggles">Feature Toggles</a> for a list of options that can be toggled.
|
|
Or see the list at the end of the main internal help text (<kbd>^G</kbd>) instead.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Building-and-Configure-Options"></a>
|
|
<a name="Building-and-Configure-Options-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">10 Building and Configure Options</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Building <code>nano</code> from source is fairly straightforward if you are
|
|
familiar with compiling programs with autoconf support:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"> tar xvzf nano-x.y.z.tar.gz
|
|
cd nano-x.y.z
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
make install
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>The possible options to <code>./configure</code> are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-browser</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the mini file browser that can be called with <kbd>^T</kbd> when reading
|
|
or writing files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-color</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable support for the syntax coloring of files. This also eliminates
|
|
the <samp>-Y</samp> command-line option, which chooses a specific syntax.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-comment</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the single-keystroke comment/uncomment function (<kbd>M-3</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-extra</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the Easter egg: a crawl of major contributors.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-help</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the help function. Doing this makes the binary much smaller,
|
|
but makes it difficult for new users to learn more than very basic
|
|
things about using the editor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-histories</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the code for the handling of the history files: the search and
|
|
replace strings that were used, and the cursor position at which each
|
|
file was closed. This also eliminates the <samp>-H</samp> and <samp>-P</samp>
|
|
command-line options, which switch on the logging of search/replace
|
|
strings and cursor positions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-justify</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the justify and unjustify functions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-libmagic</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the use of the library of magic-number tests (for determining
|
|
the file type and thus which syntax to use for colouring — often the
|
|
tests on filename extension and header line will be enough).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-linenumbers</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable the line-numbering function (<kbd>M-#</kbd>). This also eliminates the
|
|
<samp>-l</samp> command-line option, which turns line numbering on.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-mouse</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable all mouse functionality. This also eliminates the <samp>-m</samp>
|
|
command-line option, which enables the mouse functionality.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-multibuffer</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable support for opening multiple files at a time and switching
|
|
between them on the fly. This also eliminates the <samp>-F</samp> command-line
|
|
option, which causes a file to be read into a separate buffer by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-nanorc</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable support for reading the nanorc files at startup. With such
|
|
support, you can store custom settings in a system-wide and a per-user
|
|
nanorc file rather than having to pass command-line options to get
|
|
the desired behavior. See <a href="#Nanorc-Files">Nanorc Files</a> for more info.
|
|
Disabling this also eliminates the <samp>-I</samp> command-line option,
|
|
which inhibits the reading of nanorc files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-operatingdir</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable setting the operating directory. This also eliminates the <samp>-o</samp>
|
|
command-line option, which sets the operating directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-speller</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable use of the spell checker. This also eliminates the <samp>-s</samp>
|
|
command-line option, which allows specifying an alternate spell checker.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-tabcomp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable tab completion (when nano asks for a filename or a search string).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-wordcomp</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable word completion (<kbd>^]</kbd>).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-wrapping</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable all hard-wrapping of overlong lines. This also eliminates the
|
|
<samp>-w</samp> command-line option, which switches long-line wrapping off.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-tiny</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This option implies all of the above. It also disables some other
|
|
internals of the editor, like the marking code, the cut-to-end-of-line
|
|
code, and the function toggles. By using the enabling
|
|
counterpart of the above options together with <samp>--enable-tiny</samp>,
|
|
specific features can be switched back on — but a few cannot.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-debug</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable support for runtime debug output. This can get pretty messy, so
|
|
chances are you only want this feature when you’re working on the nano source.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-nls</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disables Native Language support. This will disable the use of any
|
|
available GNU <code>nano</code> translations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-wrapping-as-root</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable hard-wrapping of overlong lines by default when <code>nano</code>
|
|
is run as root.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-utf8</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enable support for reading and writing Unicode files. This will require
|
|
either a wide version of curses, or a UTF-8-enabled version of Slang.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--disable-utf8</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Disable support for reading and writing Unicode files. Normally the
|
|
configure script auto-detects whether to enable UTF-8 support or not.
|
|
You can use this or the previous option to override that detection.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--enable-altrcname=<var>name</var></code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Use the file with the given <var>name</var> (in the user’s home directory)
|
|
as nano’s settings file, instead of the default <code>.nanorc</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>--with-slang</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Compile <code>nano</code> against Slang instead of against ncurses or other
|
|
curses libraries.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
<a name="SEC_Contents"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="contents">
|
|
|
|
<ul class="no-bullet">
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Introduction-1" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Invoking-1" href="#Invoking">2 Invoking</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Command_002dline-Options-1" href="#Command_002dline-Options">3 Command-line Options</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Editor-Basics-1" href="#Editor-Basics">4 Editor Basics</a>
|
|
<ul class="no-bullet">
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Entering-Text-1" href="#Entering-Text">4.1 Entering Text</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Commands-1" href="#Commands">4.2 Commands</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-The-Cutbuffer-1" href="#The-Cutbuffer">4.3 The Cutbuffer</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-The-Mark-1" href="#The-Mark">4.4 The Mark</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Screen-Layout-1" href="#Screen-Layout">4.5 Screen Layout</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Search-and-Replace-1" href="#Search-and-Replace">4.6 Search and Replace</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Using-the-Mouse-1" href="#Using-the-Mouse">4.7 Using the Mouse</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Limitations-1" href="#Limitations">4.8 Limitations</a></li>
|
|
</ul></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Built_002din-Help-1" href="#Built_002din-Help">5 Built-in Help</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Feature-Toggles-1" href="#Feature-Toggles">6 Feature Toggles</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Nanorc-Files-1" href="#Nanorc-Files">7 Nanorc Files</a>
|
|
<ul class="no-bullet">
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Settings-1" href="#Settings">7.1 Settings</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Syntax-Highlighting-1" href="#Syntax-Highlighting">7.2 Syntax Highlighting</a></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-Rebinding-Keys-1" href="#Rebinding-Keys">7.3 Rebinding Keys</a></li>
|
|
</ul></li>
|
|
<li><a name="toc-The-File-Browser-1" href="#The-File-Browser">8 The File Browser</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Pico-Compatibility-1" href="#Pico-Compatibility">9 Pico Compatibility</a></li>
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<li><a name="toc-Building-and-Configure-Options-1" href="#Building-and-Configure-Options">10 Building and Configure Options</a></li>
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