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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" title="Edit this document" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/spi/spi_faq.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">常见问题</h1>
<div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
Read time: 5 minute(s)
</div>
<div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody">
<section class="- topic/section section" id="spi_common_issues__section_xzs_2xy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__section_xzs_2xy_21c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">如何添加新的 SPI NAND 设备</h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e38__20250123155209">
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="spi_common_issues__ol_n2g_gxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__ol_n2g_gxy_21c">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e42__20250123155209">驱动层次关系<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e44__20250123155209">SPI NAND 属于 SPI 的从设备，在内核中相关驱动通过 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SPI MEM</code> 对接到 SPI
子系统，如<a xml:lang="zh-CN" lang="zh-CN" class="- topic/xref xref" href="spi_design.html#spi_design_intro__fig_flw_rwy_21c">内核 SPI 框图</a>所示。 在 SPI
控制器初始化时，SPI 驱动会检查该控制器下是否有挂载的 SPI NAND，有则添加到 SPI BUS
中。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_c4x_kxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_c4x_kxy_21c"><code>aic_spi_probe(dev);
|-&gt; spi_register_controller(ctlr);/spi_register_master(ctlr);
| <em class="hl-comment">// spi_register_master 是一个宏</em>
|
|-&gt; of_register_spi_devices(ctlr);
|-&gt; spi = of_register_spi_device(ctlr, nc);
|-&gt; spi = spi_alloc_device(ctlr);
|-&gt; of_spi_parse_dt(ctlr, spi, nc);
|-&gt; rc = spi_add_device(spi);
<em class="hl-comment">// 将 SPI device 添加到 SPI 总线 spi_bus_type 中</em></code></pre></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e55__20250123155209">在调用
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi_add_device</code> 的过程中，会查找和匹配对应设备的驱动程序（如果这时候对
应的驱动程序还没有被添加到系统中，则在这里先将设备添加到 Bus，等到对应驱动程序 被添加进来时，再进行匹配。）</p><div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c" data-cols="2"><caption></caption><colgroup><col style="width:28.49002849002849%"/><col style="width:71.5099715099715%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c__entry__1">模块</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c__entry__2">驱动源码路径</th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c__entry__1">SPI NAND</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="spi_common_issues__table_zzs_2xy_21c__entry__2"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">source/linux-5.10/drivers/mtd/nand/spi/</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e95__20250123155209">检查和添加新设备<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e97__20250123155209">内核中所支持的 SPI NAND 设备通过两级列表进行设置。<ol class="- topic/ol ol" type="a" id="spi_common_issues__ul_n34_mxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__ul_n34_mxy_21c">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e101__20250123155209">检查
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">source/linux-5.10/drivers/mtd/nand/spi/core.c</code>
中的 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spinand_manufacturers</code>,
查看新设备的厂商是否在列表之中：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_wsd_nxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_wsd_nxy_21c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> spinand_manufacturer *spinand_manufacturers[] = {
&amp;gigadevice_spinand_manufacturer,
&amp;macronix_spinand_manufacturer,
&amp;micron_spinand_manufacturer,
&amp;paragon_spinand_manufacturer,
&amp;toshiba_spinand_manufacturer,
&amp;winbond_spinand_manufacturer,
};</code></pre></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e112__20250123155209">检查具体的设备厂商文件，具体的型号是否在列表之中（ 以 gigadevice
为例）：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_azy_nxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_azy_nxy_21c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> spinand_info gigadevice_spinand_table[] = {
SPINAND_INFO(<span class="hl-string">"GD5F1GQ4UExxG"</span>,
SPINAND_ID(SPINAND_READID_METHOD_OPCODE_ADDR, <span class="hl-number">0xd1</span>),
NAND_MEMORG(<span class="hl-number">1</span>, <span class="hl-number">2048</span>, <span class="hl-number">128</span>, <span class="hl-number">64</span>, <span class="hl-number">1024</span>, <span class="hl-number">20</span>, <span class="hl-number">1</span>, <span class="hl-number">1</span>, <span class="hl-number">1</span>),
NAND_ECCREQ(<span class="hl-number">8</span>, <span class="hl-number">512</span>),
SPINAND_INFO_OP_VARIANTS(&amp;read_cache_variants,
&amp;write_cache_variants,
&amp;update_cache_variants),
SPINAND_HAS_QE_BIT,
SPINAND_ECCINFO(&amp;gd5fxgq4_variant2_ooblayout,
gd5fxgq4uexxg_ecc_get_status)),
......
};</code></pre><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e116__20250123155209">此处检查，需要查找新设备的 Datasheet，找到该设备的 Device ID（可在
Datasheet 中直接搜索 “Device ID”）。 并查看该 Device ID 是否出现在列表中。例如此处
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SPINAND_ID(SPINAND_READID_METHOD_OPCODE_ADDR,
0xd1),</code> 的最后一个数值 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">0xd1</code> 就是 一个
Device ID 值。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e124__20250123155209">如果不存在，则参考上述例子，添加一个新的设备记录。</p></li>
</ol></div></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e128__20250123155209">修改 DTS<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e130__20250123155209">
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" type="a" id="spi_common_issues__ol_qfl_qxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__ol_qfl_qxy_21c">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e134__20250123155209">在实际项目中使用 SPI NAND 设备，还需要修改 DTS 配置。<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e136__20250123155209"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board.dts</span>
应在具体的 SPI 控制器下添加 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi-nand</code>
设备。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__pre_e1t_2xy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__pre_e1t_2xy_21c"><code>&amp;spi1 {
pinctrl-names = <span class="hl-string">"default"</span>;
pinctrl-<span class="hl-number">0</span> = &lt;&amp;spi1_pins_a&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
spi-max-frequency = &lt;<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>&gt;;
spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
#address-cells = &lt;<span class="hl-number">1</span>&gt;;
#size-cells = &lt;<span class="hl-number">1</span>&gt;;
compatible = <span class="hl-string">"spi-nand"</span>;
spi-max-frequency = &lt;<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>&gt;;
spi-tx-bus-width = &lt;<span class="hl-number">4</span>&gt;;
spi-rx-bus-width = &lt;<span class="hl-number">4</span>&gt;;
reg = &lt;<span class="hl-number">0</span>&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
};
};
</code></pre></div></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e146__20250123155209">在 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board-u-boot.dtsi</span> 文件中，将该设备标记为
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">u-boot,dm-pre-reloc</code> ，不然 SPL
无法识别和使用。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__pre_f1t_2xy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__pre_f1t_2xy_21c"><code>&amp;spi1 {
u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
};
};
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
</div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section class="- topic/section section" id="spi_common_issues__section_kz4_sxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__section_kz4_sxy_21c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">如何添加新的 SPI NOR 设备</h2>
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e167__20250123155209">
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="spi_common_issues__ol_qv1_txy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__ol_qv1_txy_21c">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e171__20250123155209">驱动层次关系<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e173__20250123155209">SPI NOR 属于 SPI 的从设备，在内核中相关驱动通过 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">SPI MEM</code> 对接到 SPI
子系统，如 <a xml:lang="zh-CN" lang="zh-CN" class="- topic/xref xref" href="spi_design.html#spi_design_intro__fig_flw_rwy_21c">内核 SPI 框图</a> 所示。
在 SPI 控制器初始化时，SPI 驱动会检查该控制器下是否有挂载的 SPI NOR，有则添加到 SPI BUS
中。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_zzl_xxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_zzl_xxy_21c"><code>aic_spi_probe(dev);
|-&gt; spi_register_controller(ctlr);/spi_register_master(ctlr);
| <em class="hl-comment">// spi_register_master 是一个宏</em>
|
|-&gt; of_register_spi_devices(ctlr);
|-&gt; spi = of_register_spi_device(ctlr, nc);
|-&gt; spi = spi_alloc_device(ctlr);
|-&gt; of_spi_parse_dt(ctlr, spi, nc);
|-&gt; rc = spi_add_device(spi);
<em class="hl-comment">// 将 SPI device 添加到 SPI 总线 spi_bus_type 中</em></code></pre></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e184__20250123155209">在调用
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">spi_add_device</code> 的过程中，会查找和匹配对应设备的驱动程序（如果这时候对
应的驱动程序还没有被添加到系统中，则在这里先将设备添加到 Bus，等到对应驱动程序 被添加进来时，再进行匹配。）</p><div class="table-container"><table class="- topic/table table frame-all" id="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c" data-cols="2"><caption></caption><colgroup><col style="width:26.595744680851062%"/><col style="width:73.40425531914893%"/></colgroup><thead class="- topic/thead thead">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-1" id="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c__entry__1">模块</th>
<th class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-1" id="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c__entry__2">驱动源码路径</th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody class="- topic/tbody tbody">
<tr class="- topic/row">
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-1 rowsep-0" headers="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c__entry__1">SPI NOR</td>
<td class="- topic/entry entry colsep-0 rowsep-0" headers="spi_common_issues__table_zk5_xxy_21c__entry__2"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">source/linux-5.10/drivers/mtd/spi-nor/</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e224__20250123155209">检查和添加新设备<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e226__20250123155209">内核中所支持的 SPI NOR 设备通过两级列表进行设置。</p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" type="a" id="spi_common_issues__ol_zzj_1yy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__ol_zzj_1yy_21c">
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e230__20250123155209">
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e232__20250123155209">检查 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">source/linux-5.10/drivers/mtd/spi-nor/core.c</code>
中的 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">manufacturers</code>,
查看新设备的厂商是否在列表之中：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_c1h_byy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_c1h_byy_21c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> spi_nor_manufacturer *manufacturers[] = {
&amp;spi_nor_atmel,
&amp;spi_nor_catalyst,
&amp;spi_nor_eon,
&amp;spi_nor_esmt,
&amp;spi_nor_everspin,
&amp;spi_nor_fujitsu,
&amp;spi_nor_gigadevice,
&amp;spi_nor_intel,
&amp;spi_nor_issi,
&amp;spi_nor_macronix,
&amp;spi_nor_micron,
&amp;spi_nor_st,
&amp;spi_nor_spansion,
&amp;spi_nor_sst,
&amp;spi_nor_winbond,
&amp;spi_nor_xilinx,
&amp;spi_nor_xmc,
&amp;spi_nor_boya,
};</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e244__20250123155209">检查具体的设备厂商文件，具体的型号是否在列表之中（ 以 gigadevice
为例）：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__codeblock_bry_byy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__codeblock_bry_byy_21c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> flash_info gigadevice_parts[] = {
......
{ <span class="hl-string">"gd25q256"</span>, INFO(<span class="hl-number">0xc84019</span>, <span class="hl-number">0</span>, <span class="hl-number">64</span> * <span class="hl-number">1024</span>, <span class="hl-number">512</span>,
SECT_<span class="hl-number">4</span>K | SPI_NOR_DUAL_READ | SPI_NOR_QUAD_READ |
SPI_NOR_<span class="hl-number">4</span>B_OPCODES | SPI_NOR_HAS_LOCK |
SPI_NOR_HAS_TB | SPI_NOR_TB_SR_BIT6)
.fixups = &amp;gd25q256_fixups },
......
};</code></pre><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e248__20250123155209">此处检查，需要查找新设备的 Datasheet，找到该设备的 Manufacture 和
Device ID，并查看该 ID 是否出现在列表中。 例如此处为 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">0xc84019</code> ，其中
Manufacture ID = <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">0xc8</code>, Device ID ID[15~8] =
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">0x40</code>, ID[7~0] = <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">0x19</code>
。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e262__20250123155209">如果不存在，则参考上述例子，添加一个新的设备记录。</p></li>
</ol></li>
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d111929e266__20250123155209">修改 DTS<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e268__20250123155209">要在实际项目中使用 SPI NOR 设备，还需要修改 DTS 配置。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e270__20250123155209"><span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board.dts</span>
应在具体的 SPI 控制器下添加 <code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">jedec,spi-nor</code>
设备。</p><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__pre_rk4_dyy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__pre_rk4_dyy_21c"><code>&amp;spi0 {
pinctrl-names = <span class="hl-string">"default"</span>;
pinctrl-<span class="hl-number">0</span> = &lt;&amp;spi0_pins_a&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
spi-max-frequency = &lt;<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>&gt;;
spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
#address-cells = &lt;<span class="hl-number">1</span>&gt;;
#size-cells = &lt;<span class="hl-number">1</span>&gt;;
compatible = <span class="hl-string">"jedec,spi-nor"</span>;
spi-max-frequency = &lt;<span class="hl-number">100000000</span>&gt;;
spi-tx-bus-width = &lt;<span class="hl-number">4</span>&gt;;
spi-rx-bus-width = &lt;<span class="hl-number">4</span>&gt;;
reg = &lt;<span class="hl-number">0</span>&gt;;
status = <span class="hl-string">"okay"</span>;
};
};
</code></pre><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d111929e279__20250123155209">同时还需在 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">board-u-boot.dtsi</span> 文件中，将该设备标记为
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">u-boot,dm-pre-reloc</code> ，不然 SPL
无法识别和使用。</p><pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="spi_common_issues__pre_sk4_dyy_21c" data-ofbid="spi_common_issues__pre_sk4_dyy_21c"><code>&amp;spi0 {
u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
spi-flash@<span class="hl-number">0</span> {
u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
};
};
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
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