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href="../../../topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_user_guide.html" id="i2s-d4445e5680-link">I2S 使用指南</a></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806" class="topicref" data-id="audio_codec_user_guide" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/audio_codec/audio-codec-user-guide.html" id="audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806-link">Audio Codec 使用指南</a></div></div></li></ul></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947" class="topicref" data-id="concept_nww_hzh_pzb" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-interface-sdk.html" id="concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947-link">接口</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">CAN、CIR、GPAI、GPIO、I2C、PSADC、PWM 等接口模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="chapter-safety-d4445e7944" class="topicref" data-id="chapter-safety" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action chapter-safety-d4445e7944-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-safety-sdk.html" id="chapter-safety-d4445e7944-link">安全</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">SPI ENC、CE、eFuse 等安全模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
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<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" title="Edit this document" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/display/display_mem_managment.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">预留内存管理流程</h1>
|
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|
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<div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
|
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Read time: 4 minute(s)
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody">
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_w5d_21g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_w5d_21g_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">CMA</h2><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e36__20250123155218">Linux-3.5 引入了一套 Contiguous Memory
|
||
Allocator，简称 CMA，基于 DMA 映射框架为内核提供连续大块内存的申请和释放。CMA 主要思路是将预留内存纳入 DMA
|
||
映射管理，可以给系统内所有设备共享使用，这样就既解决了为
|
||
GPU、Camera、显示等图像处理类模块预留大块的连续内存，又解决了预留内存被空置的问题，提升内存使用率。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e38__20250123155218">CMA
|
||
本身不是一套分配内存的算法，它的底层仍然要依赖伙伴算法系统来支持，可以理解为 CMA 是介于 DMA mapping 和内存管理之间的中间层。</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e40__20250123155218"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__image_x5d_21g_d1c" src="../../../images/display/display_lb_cma.png" width="384" alt="cma"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e46__20250123155218">CMA 的具体功能有：</p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_y5d_21g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_y5d_21g_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e50__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e52__20250123155218">在系统的启动过程中，根据内核编译配置、或者 DTS 配置将内存中某块区域用于 CMA，然后内核中其他模块可以通过 DMA 的接口 API
|
||
申请连续内存，这块区域我们称之为 CMA area。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e56__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e58__20250123155218">提供 cma_alloc()和 cma_release()两个接口函数用于分配和释放 CMA pages。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e62__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e64__20250123155218">记录和跟踪 CMA area 中各个 pages 的状态。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e68__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e70__20250123155218">调用伙伴系统接口，进行真正的内存分配。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e74__20250123155218"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">CMA 主要接口</strong></p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_z5d_21g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_z5d_21g_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e79__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e81__20250123155218">CNA area 的声明</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e84__20250123155218">setup_bootmem() -> dma_contiguous_reserve()，定义在
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">kernel/dma/contiguous.c</span>，其中有确定 CMA area size
|
||
的代码如下：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__codeblock_yvp_g1g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__codeblock_yvp_g1g_d1c"><code>#ifdef CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MBYTES
|
||
selected_size = size_bytes;
|
||
#elif defined(CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_PERCENTAGE)
|
||
selected_size = cma_early_percent_memory();
|
||
#elif defined(CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MIN)
|
||
selected_size = min(size_bytes, cma_early_percent_memory());
|
||
#elif defined(CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_SEL_MAX)
|
||
selected_size = max(size_bytes, cma_early_percent_memory());
|
||
#endif</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e92__20250123155218">然后会调用 dma_contiguous_reserve_area() -> cma_declare_contiguous() 去初始化 CMA
|
||
的配置参数。</p>
|
||
<div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__note_xhx_g1g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__note_xhx_g1g_d1c"><span class="note__title">注：</span> <div class="note__body">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e97__20250123155218">计算 CMA 内存大小的过程中，size_bytes 来源于内核编译配置中 CONFIG_CMA_SIZE_MBYTES，通过计算将 size
|
||
限定在 4 MB 对齐。<span class="- topic/ph ph"> 参考<a class="- topic/xref xref" href="display_menuconfig.html#display_menuconfig_configuration__ol_i2q_pvf_d1c">CMA 配置</a>
|
||
进行设置。</span></p>
|
||
</div></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e108__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e110__20250123155218">CMA 初始化</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e113__20250123155218">见 <span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">mm/cma.c</span> 中的 cma_init_reserved_areas() ->
|
||
init_cma_reserved_pageblock()，其中会设置 page 属性为 MIGRATE_CMA。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e120__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e122__20250123155218">申请 CMA</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e125__20250123155218">使用 DMA 标准接口 dma_alloc_coherent() 和 dma_alloc_wc()，会间接调用
|
||
dma_alloc_from_contiguous()。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e129__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e131__20250123155218">释放 CMA</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e134__20250123155218">使用 DMA 标准接口 dma_free_coherent()。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol></section>
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_gvd_21g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_gvd_21g_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">DMA-BUF</h2><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e142__20250123155218">CMA
|
||
解决的是预留内存空闲期间如何给其他设备共享的问题，DMA-BUF 解决的是使用期间多个设备共享的问题、以及内核态和用户态如何共享内存的问题。DMA-BUF
|
||
可减少多余的拷贝，提升系统运行效率。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e144__20250123155218">DMA-BUF 最初原型是 hrbuf，于 2011 年首次提出，实现了 “Buffer Sharing”
|
||
的概念验证。shrbuf 被社区重构变身为 DMA-BUF，2012 年合入 Linux-3.3 主线版本。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e146__20250123155218">DMA-BUF 被广泛用在多媒体驱动中，尤其在
|
||
V4L2、DRM 子系统中经常用到。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e148__20250123155218"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">DMA-BUF vs ION</strong></p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e151__20250123155218">从 Linux-5.6 开始，DMA-BUF 正式合入了原来 ION 的 heap 管理功能，社区的主分支是打算抛弃 ION 了。在 Linux-5.11，主分支已经删除了
|
||
<span class="+ topic/ph sw-d/filepath ph filepath">drivers/staging/android/ion</span> 代码，原因是“原厂对 ION
|
||
的支持在社区中不太活跃，很难持续更新 ION”，而且 ION 还带来了几个 break。</p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_hvd_21g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ol_hvd_21g_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e158__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e160__20250123155218">ION 有大量的 heap 逻辑管理，而 DMA-BUF 的 heap 更多是分配接口上的管理（社区更容易接受）。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e164__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e166__20250123155218">ION 是生产一个字符设备 /dev/ion，而 DMA-BUF 为每个 heap 生成一个字符设备，便于用户态的 heap 区分和权限管理。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e170__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e172__20250123155218">ION 限制最多 32 个 heap，DMA-BUF 没有这个限制。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e176__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e178__20250123155218">DMA-BUF 中实现了两个初始的 heap：system heap 和 cma heap，与原 ION 中的功能类似，但做了很大简化（为了方便社区
|
||
review），删掉原来 ION 中针对 system、cma 做过的一些优化，涉及 uncached buffers、large page
|
||
allocation、page pooling 和 freeing。 DMA-BUF 中的 CMA，只添加了 CMA
|
||
区域。原 ION 中的 CMA 是添加了所有 DMA 区域。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e182__20250123155218"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">工作机制</strong></p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e185__20250123155218">为了解决各个驱动之间的 buffer 共享问题，DMA-BUF 将 buffer 与 file 结合使用，让 DMA-BUF
|
||
既是一块物理 buffer，同时也是个 Linux 标准 file。典型的应用框图如下：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e187__20250123155218"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__image_ivd_21g_d1c" src="../../../images/display/dma_buf.png" width="384" alt="dma_buf1"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e193__20250123155218">分配 buffer 的模块为 exporter，使用该 buffer 的模块为 importer。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e196__20250123155218">DMA-BUF
|
||
支持连续物理内存、散列物理内存的 buffer 管理。ArtInChip 平台目前只支持连续物理内存的 DMA-BUF。</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e198__20250123155218"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">主要接口</strong><ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ul_pln_41g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ul_pln_41g_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e203__20250123155218">内核空间<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ul_qxn_n1g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__ul_qxn_n1g_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e207__20250123155218">作为 exporter<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e209__20250123155218">注册接口 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">dma_buf_export()</span></p></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e214__20250123155218">作为
|
||
importer<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e216__20250123155218">获取 buf 的接口：<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">dma_buf_get</span>,``dma_buf_attach()``,``dma_buf_map_attachment``。</p></li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d169287e223__20250123155218">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e225__20250123155218">用户空间</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e228__20250123155218">通过 ioctl 来管理 DMA-BUF。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e232__20250123155218"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">基于 DMA-BUF 的 Video Layer buffer 管理</strong></p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e235__20250123155218">UI Layer 的 buffer，由
|
||
driver 申请，通过 /dev/fb0 透传到用户态，用户态使用 mmap() 实现 buffer 共享。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e237__20250123155218">但对于 Video Layer 的
|
||
buffer，情况有所不同，申请多大 buffer、多少个 buffer 都是由应用场景确定，所以应该是用户态发起申请。同时这个 buffer
|
||
还要满足物理连续的特性，DE 硬件才能用来做图层叠加处理。</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e239__20250123155218">
|
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<br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__image_mvd_21g_d1c" src="../../../images/display/dma_buf_heap.png" width="288" alt="dma_buf_heap"/></div><br/>
|
||
</div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e247__20250123155218">左图，是 ION 时代的使用方法，新版 Linux（Linux-5.6 以后）的 DMA-BUF 已经支持了 heap 功能，从功能上完全可以替代
|
||
ION。对用户态来说，看到的差别不再是单一的 /dev/ion 设备节点，而是有多个 /dev/* 设备节点，比如 CMA heap 会生成
|
||
/dev/dma_heap/reserved，System heap 会生成 /dev/dma_heap/system。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e249__20250123155218">使用 DMA-BUF
|
||
的情况下，APP 和 fb 驱动共享 buffer 的初始化流程如下图所示：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e251__20250123155218"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__image_nvd_21g_d1c" src="../../../images/display/dma_buf_app.png" width="288" alt="dma_buf_app"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e257__20250123155218">其中第 3 步的操作比较啰嗦，fb 驱动根据 APP 传来的一组 fd[]，逐个去向 DMA-BUF 模块申请以下资源：dma_buf -> attatch
|
||
-> sg_table -> dma_addr_t，并将这组资源保存在本地（struct aic_de_dmabuf），用于释放
|
||
DMA-BUF。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e259__20250123155218">这里面有一个假设：sg_table 中只有一个 sg。也就是说单个 DMA-BUF 必须是物理连续的，不能是多块 buf
|
||
拼起来的，否则物理地址 dma_addr_t 就不能代表多块 buf
|
||
的起始地址。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e262__20250123155218">对于释放过程，APP 需要先通知 FB 驱动要释放的 fb[]，然后再使用用户态文件接口 close()逐个关闭 fb[]。</p><div class="- topic/note note note note_note" id="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__note_pc3_q1g_d1c" data-ofbid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__note_pc3_q1g_d1c"><span class="note__title">注：</span> <div class="note__body">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e266__20250123155218">之所以申请“一组 fd[]”，是因为 video 播放过程中为了边显示边解码，至少需要两套 Buffer 来实现乒乓效果（实际应用中为了更流畅，可能还需要申请多套
|
||
Buffer 构成循环
|
||
Buffer）。这里说的“一套 Buffer”对应视频的一帧数据，而一帧视频数据往往分成 YUV 三个分量，每个分量在解码过程中是需要分别处理（对应 DE 寄存器中 addr0、addr1、addr2），所以“一套 Buffer”应该是
|
||
Y、U、V 共 3 个 Buffer。对于乒乓结构的 Buffer，就需要申请 3*2=6 个 BUF 的 fd。</p>
|
||
</div></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d169287e269__20250123155218">UI Layer 的 buffer 申请，是直接调用通用 DMA 接口 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">dma_alloc_coherent()</span>，最终在
|
||
CMA 内存中分配。这样并不影响 Video Layer 的 buffer 走 DMA-BUF 申请，CMA 模块内部会处理好来自各种接口的 Buffer
|
||
申请。</p></section>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_w5d_21g_d1c" data-tocid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_w5d_21g_d1c">CMA</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_gvd_21g_d1c" data-tocid="display_preserve_memory_managment_process__section_gvd_21g_d1c">DMA-BUF</a></div></li></ul></div>
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