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href="../../../topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_faq.html" id="i2s_common_issues-d4445e5792-link">常见问题</a></div></div></li></ul></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806" class="topicref" data-id="audio_codec_user_guide" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/sdk/audio_codec/audio-codec-user-guide.html" id="audio_codec_user_guide-d4445e5806-link">Audio Codec 使用指南</a></div></div></li></ul></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947" class="topicref" data-id="concept_nww_hzh_pzb" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-interface-sdk.html" id="concept_nww_hzh_pzb-d4445e5947-link">接口</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">CAN、CIR、GPAI、GPIO、I2C、PSADC、PWM 等接口模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li><li role="treeitem" aria-expanded="false"><div data-tocid="chapter-safety-d4445e7944" class="topicref" data-id="chapter-safety" data-state="not-ready"><span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-labelledby="button-expand-action chapter-safety-d4445e7944-link" class="wh-expand-btn"></span><div class="title"><a href="../../../topics/chapter-title/chapter-safety-sdk.html" id="chapter-safety-d4445e7944-link">安全</a><div class="wh-tooltip"><p class="shortdesc">SPI ENC、CE、eFuse 等安全模块的介绍和使用说明。</p></div></div></div></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
|
||
<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" title="Edit this document" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/i2s/i2s_key_procedure.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">关键流程设计</h1>
|
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|
||
<div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
|
||
Read time: 4 minute(s)
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="- topic/body concept/conbody body conbody">
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_key_procedures__section_nh2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__section_nh2_5g3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">操作函数集实现</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e38__20250123155216">在 S 的驱动设计中，snd_soc_dai_ops 是一个非常重要的结构体，它是 dai 的操作函数集，所有对 S 接口的设置都是通过此结构体完成。所以，I2S 驱动中一项非常重要的部分就是实现此结构体中的函数接口。snd_soc_dai_ops 函数集可以分为如下几个部分：</p>
|
||
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2s_key_procedures__ol_oh2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ol_oh2_5g3_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e43__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e45__20250123155216">cpu_dai 时钟配置函数，通常由 machine 驱动调用</p>
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_key_procedures__ul_ph2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ul_ph2_5g3_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e50__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e52__20250123155216">set_sysclk：设置 dai 的主时钟 MCLK</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e56__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e58__20250123155216">set_clkdiv：设置分频系数，用于实现 BCLK 和 LRCK 的分频系数</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e62__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e64__20250123155216">set_bclk_ratio：设置 BCLK 和 LRCK 的比率</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e70__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e72__20250123155216">cpu_dai 格式设置，通常由 machine 驱动调用</p>
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_key_procedures__ul_qh2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ul_qh2_5g3_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e77__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e79__20250123155216">set_fmt：设置主从模式(LRCK 和 BCLK 时钟由 SOC 提供还是由 codec 提供)，BCLK 和 LRCK 的极性，以及传输模式</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e83__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e85__20250123155216">set_tdm_slot：cpu_dai 支持时分复用时，用于设置时分复用的 slot</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e89__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e91__20250123155216">set_channel_map：声道时分复用时的映射关系设置</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e97__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e99__20250123155216">ALSA PCM 音频操作，由 ALSA 的 soc-core 在执行音频操作时调用</p>
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_key_procedures__ul_rh2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ul_rh2_5g3_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e104__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e106__20250123155216">hw_params：硬件参数设置，一般用于采样精度，通道位宽的设置</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e110__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e112__20250123155216">trigger：命令触发函数，用于执行音频数据传输的开始、结束、暂停、恢复等</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e119__20250123155216">在 S 的驱动中，需要实现的接口有：<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_key_procedures__codeblock_kzc_wg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__codeblock_kzc_wg3_d1c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">const</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai_ops aic_i2s_dai_ops = {
|
||
.set_sysclk = aic_i2s_set_sysclk,
|
||
.set_bclk_ratio = aic_i2s_set_bclk_ratio,
|
||
.set_fmt = aic_i2s_set_fmt,
|
||
.set_tdm_slot = aic_i2s_set_tdm_slot,
|
||
.hw_params = aic_i2s_hw_params,
|
||
.trigger = aic_i2s_trigger,
|
||
};</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e124__20250123155216">在实现的几个接口函数中，除 params 和 trigger 外，其它函数是需要在 machine 驱动中根据 I2S 和 codec 双方所支持的格式、时钟等进行调用设置的，使 S 和 codec 两边的格式设置相同。</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_key_procedures__section_th2_5g3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__section_th2_5g3_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">I2S 时钟设置</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e133__20250123155216">
|
||
<ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="i2s_key_procedures__ol_v4j_xg3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ol_v4j_xg3_d1c">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e137__20250123155216"> MCLK
|
||
主时钟设置。<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e139__20250123155216">MCLK 是 S 的主时钟，主要作用是向外部的 codec 芯片提供工作时钟，由 S 模块的工作时钟分频得到。在驱动中由 sysclk 设置 MCLK 的频率，MCLK 一般采用 128fs，256fs，512fs 的表示方式，具体的设置需要参考实际使用的 codec 芯片规格书。Fs 是采样频率，常见的采样频率有 44.1khz，48khz，32khz 等，可以据此算出 MCLK 的频率值。一般会在 machine 驱动中调用设置 MCLK 的函数。</p></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e142__20250123155216">LRCK 和 BCLK
|
||
左右声道时钟设置。<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e144__20250123155216">LRCK 是左右声道时钟。LRCK 的时钟频率等于 fs，在 D211 中，通过 PERIOD 位域设置 LRCK 的频率，LRCK_PERIOD 表示一个 LRCK 时钟周期内，有多少个 BCLK 周期。在 S 模式下，若为立体声（2 通道），32bit 采样深度，则 BCLK=64fs，则 PERIOD 应设置为(64/2-1)。若为 4 通道，24bit 采样深度，则 BCLK=96fs，则 PERIOD 应设置为（96/2-1）。由采样频率可以算出 BCLK 时钟的频率。并由 BCLK 的频率算出 LRCK，即采样率。</p></li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e147__20250123155216">period
|
||
bytes 对齐<div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e149__20250123155216">在使用 DMA 传输音频数据时，DMA 要求每次传输的数据长度必须 128bytes/8bytes 对齐。在 ALSA 框架下，音频数据以 period 为周期调用 DMA 传输，每次传输的数据长度为 bytes。所以，必须满足 bytes 按照 128bytes/8bytes 对齐。ALSA 中提供了相应的 API 接口(snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step)来满足这一需求。<pre class="+ topic/pre pr-d/codeblock pre codeblock language-c" id="i2s_key_procedures__codeblock_qd3_1h3_d1c" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__codeblock_qd3_1h3_d1c"><code><strong class="hl-keyword">static</strong> <strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> aic_i2s_startup(<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_pcm_substream *substream,
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">struct</strong> snd_soc_dai *dai)
|
||
{
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">int</strong> ret;
|
||
|
||
<em class="hl-comment">/* Make sure that the period bytes are 8/128 bytes aligned according to
|
||
* the DMA transfer requested.
|
||
*/</em>
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">if</strong> (of_device_is_compatible(dai->dev->of_node,
|
||
<span class="hl-string">"artinchip,aic-i2s-v1.0"</span>)) {
|
||
ret = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(substream->runtime, <span class="hl-number">0</span>,
|
||
SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, <span class="hl-number">8</span>);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">if</strong> (ret < <span class="hl-number">0</span>) {
|
||
dev_err(dai->dev,
|
||
<span class="hl-string">"Could not apply period step: %d\n"</span>, ret);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> ret;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
ret = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(substream->runtime, <span class="hl-number">0</span>,
|
||
SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, <span class="hl-number">8</span>);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">if</strong> (ret < <span class="hl-number">0</span>) {
|
||
dev_err(dai->dev,
|
||
<span class="hl-string">"Could not apply buffer step: %d\n"</span>, ret);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> ret;
|
||
}
|
||
} <strong class="hl-keyword">else</strong> {
|
||
ret = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(substream->runtime, <span class="hl-number">0</span>,
|
||
SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, <span class="hl-number">128</span>);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">if</strong> (ret < <span class="hl-number">0</span>) {
|
||
dev_err(dai->dev,
|
||
<span class="hl-string">"Could not apply period step: %d\n"</span>, ret);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> ret;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
ret = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(substream->runtime, <span class="hl-number">0</span>,
|
||
SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, <span class="hl-number">128</span>);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">if</strong> (ret < <span class="hl-number">0</span>) {
|
||
dev_err(dai->dev,
|
||
<span class="hl-string">"Could not apply buffer step: %d\n"</span>, ret);
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> ret;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
<strong class="hl-keyword">return</strong> ret;
|
||
}</code></pre></div></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="- topic/section section" id="i2s_key_procedures__section_bhv_2yl_4dc" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__section_bhv_2yl_4dc"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">Record 流程</strong></h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="i2s_key_procedures__ul_xt4_fnf_fdc" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ul_xt4_fnf_fdc">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e165__20250123155216">
|
||
<div class="- topic/div div section" id="i2s_key_procedures__id8">
|
||
<strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">init</code> 流程</strong>
|
||
<ol class="- topic/ol ol arabic simple" id="i2s_key_procedures__ol_fvg_kkf_fdc" data-ofbid="i2s_key_procedures__ol_fvg_kkf_fdc">
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e176__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e178__20250123155216">初始化 DMA 传输的起始地址、<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">buf_len</span> 以及
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span>。</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e187__20250123155216">I2S 模块使用 DMA 传输音频数据，DMA 采用环形链表形式，依次将音频数据传送到硬件。所以需要配置 DMA
|
||
传输时的起始地址（即 RX buffer 地址）以及
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">buf_len</span>，<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span>。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e197__20250123155216">
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e199__20250123155216">注册 HAL 层的回调函数。</p>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e202__20250123155216">在 Driver 层驱动，将 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">buf_len</span> 配置为
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span> 的 2 倍，DMA 每传输
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span> 长度的数据，触发一次 DMA 中断，通知 CPU 向
|
||
pipe 设备写入数据。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e217__20250123155216">
|
||
<div class="- topic/div div section" id="i2s_key_procedures__id9">
|
||
<strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b"><code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">start</code> 流程</strong>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e226__20250123155216">按照 RT-Thread audio 的框架，在执行 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">rt_device_open</span> 时，就会调用
|
||
<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">start</code> 流程，开始音频的录制，然后再通过
|
||
<span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">rt_device_control</span>
|
||
设置音频的格式（采样率，通道数等）。按照这个流程，最开始可能会录制一段不符合设置的音频格式的数据，这显然是不合理的。所以，在 Driver
|
||
层的驱动实现中，<code class="+ topic/ph pr-d/codeph ph codeph">start</code>
|
||
流程并未做任何处理，而是在设置完音频格式后才开始音频的录制。</p></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d157746e242__20250123155216">
|
||
<div class="- topic/div div section" id="i2s_key_procedures__id10">
|
||
<strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">DMA 中断流程</strong>
|
||
<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d157746e249__20250123155216">DMA 每传输完 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span> 长度的数据后，触发一次 DMA 中断，然后通过 DMA
|
||
回调函数的逐级调用，最终调用 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/apiname keyword apiname">rt_audio_rx_done</span>，将 RX buffer 的数据写入到
|
||
pipe 设备，每次写入 <span class="+ topic/keyword pr-d/parmname keyword parmname">period_len</span> 长度的音频数据。</p></div>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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</section>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_key_procedures__section_nh2_5g3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_key_procedures__section_nh2_5g3_d1c">操作函数集实现</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_key_procedures__section_th2_5g3_d1c" data-tocid="i2s_key_procedures__section_th2_5g3_d1c">I2S 时钟设置</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#i2s_key_procedures__section_bhv_2yl_4dc" data-tocid="i2s_key_procedures__section_bhv_2yl_4dc"><strong class="+ topic/ph hi-d/b ph b">Record 流程</strong></a></div></li></ul></div>
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