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<div class=" wh_topic_content body "><main role="main"><article class="- topic/topic concept/concept topic concept" role="article" aria-labelledby="ariaid-title1">
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<span class="edit-link" style="font-size:12px; opacity:0.6; text-align:right; vertical-align:middle"><a target="_blank" title="Edit this document" href="http://172.16.35.88/tasks/jdssno1uvvbf2mltu9kb9v3if05d5gopuakboe8hlud18rma/edit/F:/aicdita/aicdita-cn/topics/sdk/audio_codec/audio-codec-architecture.dita">Edit online</a></span><h1 class="- topic/title title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">Audio Codec 架构</h1>
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<div class="date inPage">15 Jan 2024</div><div style="color: gray;">
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Read time: 2 minute(s)
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<section class="- topic/section section" id="audio_codec_architecture__section_qdh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__section_qdh_21n_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">ALSA 软件架构</h2><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e36__20250123155221">Linux 中的音频采用 ALSA 驱动框架，该框架管理 Linux 下所有与音频相关的资源，codec 的驱动按照 ALSA 框架进行设计开发。ALSA 整体框架如下图：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e38__20250123155221"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="audio_codec_architecture__image_rdh_21n_d1c" src="../../../images/audio/audio_alsa_structure.png" alt="alsa"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e44__20250123155221">如上图，ALSA 音频框架将底层的硬件驱动分为三部分：machine、platform 与 codec。三者的关系如下图所示：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e46__20250123155221"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="audio_codec_architecture__image_sdh_21n_d1c" src="../../../images/audio/machine_codec_platform.png" alt="machine_codec_platform"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e52__20250123155221">platform driver 包含了 soc 平台的音频 DMA 和数字音频接口
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(I2S、PCM、SPDIF、AC97 等)的配置和管理，它不包含任何与板子或机器相关的代码，该部分驱动由 SoC 厂商实现。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e54__20250123155221">codec
|
||
driver 的一个重要原则就是要求 codec 驱动的平台无关性。它包含音频控件、音频接口、DAPM 的定义等。codec 的驱动一般由 IC 厂商实现。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e56__20250123155221">machine driver 主要是针对设备的，主要作用有三个： 1. 实现 codec 和 platform 的耦合，machine
|
||
driver 是板级上的 codec 和 SOC 之间的桥梁，描述二者如何连接。 2. 负责处理机器特有的的一些控件和音频事件(如板子上需要打开放大器等)。 3.
|
||
创建声卡。一般板卡的设计者只需要实现这部分的驱动。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e58__20250123155221">单独的 driver 和 codec driver 是不能工作的，必须由 driver 把它们结合在一起才能完成整个设备的音频处理工作。ALSA 框架将底层硬件划分为三部分后，使得 platform 和 codec 的驱动实现变得更加简单，二者依靠 dai 和 codec_dai 进行数据传输。这种结构下的音频数据流通路径如下：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e60__20250123155221"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="audio_codec_architecture__image_tdh_21n_d1c" src="../../../images/audio/alsa_data_flow.png" width="480" alt="data_flow"/></div><br/></div></section>
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<section class="- topic/section section" id="audio_codec_architecture__section_udh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__section_udh_21n_d1c"><h2 class="- topic/title title sectiontitle">AIC 实现架构</h2><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e70__20250123155221">与常见的 codec 芯片不同，AIC 的 AudioCodec 是 SOC 内置的一个模块，音频数据可以直接传输到 AudioCodec 模块，而不需要 S 这类音频接口。AudioCodec 的音频数据流通路径如下：</p><div class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e72__20250123155221"><br/><div class="imagecenter"><img class="- topic/image image imagecenter" id="audio_codec_architecture__image_vdh_21n_d1c" src="../../../images/audio/audio_codec_data_flow.png" alt="aic_data_flow"/></div><br/></div><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e78__20250123155221">若是一颗单独的 codec 芯片，只需要实现相应的 driver，platform driver 由 SOC 厂商实现，machine
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||
driver 由板级开发者实现，并最终创建声卡。但是 AudioCodec 本身就是 SOC 中的一个模块，不需要 S 等音频接口进行数据传输，也不需要再单独实现 driver，所以在实现 SOC 内置的 AudioCodec 模块的驱动时，除了实现音频通路控制和音频控件外，还需要实现声卡的创建，以便用户可以直接使用 AudioCodec 模块的驱动进行录音和播放。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e80__20250123155221">AudioCodec 模块不需要 S 接口，所以在驱动实现中并没有严格意义上的 dai。但是 ALSA 框架在创建声卡时，需要根据 dai 和 codec_dai 的名字进行查找匹配，查找不到则不能创建声卡。所以为了能成功创建声卡，在 AudioCodec 的驱动实现中需要创建一个 dai，该 dai 的作用是为了 platform 和 codec 的耦合，并不能对该 dai 进行任何操作。</p><p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e82__20250123155221">综上，AIC 的 AudioCodec 模块的驱动实现可以分为三部分：</p><ol class="- topic/ol ol" id="audio_codec_architecture__ol_wdh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__ol_wdh_21n_d1c">
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e86__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e88__20250123155221">platform driver 的实现：</p>
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="audio_codec_architecture__ul_xdh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__ul_xdh_21n_d1c">
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e93__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e95__20250123155221">dma 的注册和管理，用于在内存和 AudioCodec 之间传输数据</p>
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</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e99__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e101__20250123155221">cpu_dai 部分的定义，用于实现和 driver 的耦合</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e107__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e109__20250123155221">codec driver 的实现：</p>
|
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="audio_codec_architecture__ul_ydh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__ul_ydh_21n_d1c">
|
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e114__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e116__20250123155221">codec_dai 的注册和管理，用于实现和 driver 的耦合，以及对 AudioCodec 模块频率、采样率、采样深度的设置</p>
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</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e120__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e122__20250123155221">DAPM 音频路径和音频控件的管理</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e128__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e130__20250123155221">machine driver 的实现：</p>
|
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<ul class="- topic/ul ul" id="audio_codec_architecture__ul_zdh_21n_d1c" data-ofbid="audio_codec_architecture__ul_zdh_21n_d1c">
|
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<li class="- topic/li li" data-ofbid="d192640e135__20250123155221">
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<p class="- topic/p p" data-ofbid="d192640e137__20250123155221">用于实现 platform 和 codec 的耦合，并创建声卡</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<div class=" wh_topic_toc "><div class="wh_topic_label">在本页上</div><ul><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#audio_codec_architecture__section_qdh_21n_d1c" data-tocid="audio_codec_architecture__section_qdh_21n_d1c">ALSA 软件架构</a></div></li><li class="section-item"><div class="section-title"><a href="#audio_codec_architecture__section_udh_21n_d1c" data-tocid="audio_codec_architecture__section_udh_21n_d1c">AIC 实现架构</a></div></li></ul></div>
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